Transformation of one type of bacteria into another type and infection of bacteria by bacteriophage provides first evidences that DNA is the hereditary material. Griffth discovered that living bacteria can acquire genetic material from dead bacteria and transform live bacteria from non-virulent ti virulent. Avery and his colleagues showed that the genes taken up living bacteria during transformation weew composed of DNA. A bacteriophage consists solely of DNA and protein. When it infects a becterium, the phage injects its DNA only itno the bacterium, where it directs the synthesis of more phages Hershey and Chase thus experimentlly confirmed that DNA must be the genetic material.
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