Province-wise Distribution

In terms of population, Punjab is the most populated province of Pakistan. Approximately half of the population resides in Punjab. Sindh comes second in the most populate provinces. Population of Baluchistan despite its big size is not very high. One of the reasons is that most of the area in Baluchistan is covered by mountains areas and plains.

Robert Malthus argued that population growth not in proportion with the growth in resources is detrimental to the economy and the society.In the following lines, it is discussed how a population growth can still be accommodated if various macro economic indicators can be improved.

Importance of Motorways

Road Transportation is a necessary element of organized civic life. Moreover, it is one major means of transporting goods from one place to another. Road transportation facilitates easy commuting of goods and it links various cities, towns and villages with each other.

Major Exports of Pakistan

The Major export oriented industries of Pakistan are as follows:

• Textile Industry: Textile industry enjoys 60% share in overall exports of Pakistan. The garments produced in Pakistan are very famous abroad. The towels used in Wimbledon are produced in Pakistan.
• Sports Goods: Pakistan is very famous in making sports goods. The cricket bats made in Sialkot are used by many great batsmen of Pakistan and other countries. The footballs made in Pakistan have repeatedly been used in major football events including world cups.
• Surgical Instruments: Pakistan produces high quality surgical products. The demand for surgical goods of Pakistan is increasing and Pakistan can earn huge foreign exchange from this industry.
• Rice: Basmati Rice produced in Pakistan is famous all over the world. Pakistan exports "Basmati" "Irri" rice to many countries and it is also an important source of foreign exchange for the country.

Transport in Pakistan

The Different means of transport used in Pakistan are as follows:

• Road Transport: In Pakistan, trucks, trailers etc are used in road transport. Goods are usually transported through trucks in places where there is sufficient road network. Road transport is a very convenient means of transportation  but due to the lack of road networks all over the country, it is unusable at few places.
• Railway: Railway system is also used for transporting huge quantities of goods. There are separate dedicated trains for transportation. In places where there is no or insufficient road network, railway system is used.
• Ships and Ports: Ships are used for transport of goods between countries. For sea transport to exist, ports are necessary where ships can land and the goods can be unloaded. In Pakistan, there is a port in "Kemari" (Karachi). Government of Pakistan has also made another port in "Gawadar" ( Baluchistan)
• Airplanes: Air transport is also used in few rare cases for the transport of goods.Usually, it is used by companies to ship goods to customers which are not very much in quantity and when goods are of the perishable nature. Air transport is most expensive.
 

Charter Party

It is an agreement by which the ship owner agrees to place the entire ship or part of it at the disposal of merchant for the purpose of carrying goods from one port to another. Thus under a charter party the entire ship is hired.

A charter party usually contains the following terms:

• Names, addresses and the other particulars of the shipowner.
• The name of the ship.
• The nationality of the ship.
• The measurement of the ship as indicated by the Registered tonnage.
• The location of the ship at the date of the charter party.
• The sea worthiness of the ship for the intended voyage.
• The shipowner's duty to bring the ship to the agreed port of loading.
• The charter's liability to pay right.
• The charter's right to the other goods on board under bills of lading.
• Nature and duties of the master and crew of ship towards charter.
• Conditions of cancellation or contract of charter party.

Exemptions of Private Company

The legal concessions that are enjoyed by a private company as against a public company are as follows:

1. In order to form a private company only two signatories to the memorandum of association are required;
2. A private company is not required ti have more than 2 directors;
3. A private company is not required to hold a statutory meeting or prepare and file a statutory report;
4. There is no restriction on the appointment and advertisement of the first directors of a private company;
5. A private company is not required to file with registrar a statement in lieu of prospectus;
6. There is no restrictions on allotment of shares.
7. A private Company starts business with borrowing
8. Not bound to send annual account to Stock Exchange and report to members.

Collective Bargaining

According to Section 2 of the Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969, in relation to an establishment or industry, "Collective Bargaining Agent" means the trade union or workmen in which, under Section 22, is the agent of the workmen in the establishment, or as the case may be, industry, in the matter of Collective Bargaining.

The declaration of the Collective Bargaining Agent in an establishment or industry was added by Ordinance XIX of 1970. Once a trade union or a federation has been e declared such Agent through a secret ballot by the Registrar, no other claim to such status by a rival union or federation is to be entertained for a period of two years from the date of such declaration.