Blood pressure is the hydrostatic force exerted by the blood against unit area of the vessel wall. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Mercury manometers are being used for measuring the blood pressure which are known as Sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure is determined of the arterioles. When wall of the arterioles are constricted (vasoconstriction), the blood pressure rises; when they are dilated (vasodilation). the blood pressure falls. The constriction and the dilation of arterioles are due to the constriction and relaxation of the smooth muscles of the arterioles, respectively. These muscles are largely under the control of nerve impulses and hormones.
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